Looked at the bad exhaust pipiing in the WVU study:
Can compute pressure loss with a formula like this.
Air Duct Components and Minor Loss Coefficients
Pressure varies with v-squared, so a lot worse with high exhaust velocities. The loss coefficient for different bends is in the table. Compare factor of 1.3 for 90deg bend (VWs) with 0 for tapered reduction (BMW).
Also looks like the VW with single exhaust had the same bad pipe as double exhaust with one side just blocked off. This would induce resonant chamber effects as well as screwing up flow.
Can compute pressure loss with a formula like this.
Air Duct Components and Minor Loss Coefficients
Pressure varies with v-squared, so a lot worse with high exhaust velocities. The loss coefficient for different bends is in the table. Compare factor of 1.3 for 90deg bend (VWs) with 0 for tapered reduction (BMW).
Also looks like the VW with single exhaust had the same bad pipe as double exhaust with one side just blocked off. This would induce resonant chamber effects as well as screwing up flow.
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